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Disability
(SSA)
Benefit Types
Find out which Social Security benefits
can help you based on your circumstances.
Retirement
Monthly payments based on your lifetime earnings. To be eligible, you
must:
- Be age 62 or older, and
- Have worked and paid Social Security taxes for 10 years or more.
Disability
Monthly payments for people who have:
- A disability or blindness, and
- Enough work history.
Survivor
Monthly payments to certain family members of someone who worked and
paid Social Security taxes before they died, including:
- Spouses.
- Ex-spouses.
- Children.
- Dependent parents.
Family
Monthly payments to certain family members of someone entitled to
Retirement or Disability, including:
- Spouses.
- Ex-spouses.
- Children.
- Some grandchildren.
Supplemental Security Income (SSI)
Monthly payments to people who have:
- Little or no income, and
- Little or no resources, and
- A disability, blindness, or are age 65 or older.
Medicare
Health insurance for people who:
- Are age 65 or older, or
- Have end-stage renal disease (ESRD), or
- Get Disability benefits.
Who can get Disability
You may be eligible for Disability if you have:
- A disability or blindness, and
- Enough work history.
1. You have a disability or
blindness
You must have a
disability that affects your ability to work for
a year or more, or will result in death. If you continue to work, your condition must
also limit you from earning income above an
amount we call “substantial gainful activity” (SGA).
In 2025, SGA is $1,620 per month, or $2,700. 2. You have enough work history
Generally, you
must have worked for at least 5 of the last 10
years to qualify for Disability. People under
the age of 24 may not need to have worked as
long. Extra benefits for family
members
If you’re the
spouse, ex-spouse, or child of someone getting
Disability, you may qualify for Family Benefits.
What you could get from Disability
Disability benefits may include
a monthly payment and Medicare health insurance. We’ll automatically enroll you in Medicare 2 years
after the date you became entitled to Disability.
You’ll get a welcome package in the mail 3 months before
your coverage starts. You can opt out of Part B (medical
insurance) if you don’t want it.
Special rules if you have ESRD
or ALS
If you have end-stage renal disease (ESRD), you can
get Medicare:
- The month you begin at-home dialysis treatments.
- The month you get a kidney transplant.
- 3 months after you start outpatient dialysis
treatments.
If you have ALS (Lou Gehrig’s disease), you can get
Medicare as soon as you become entitled to
Disability.
See if you can increase your
payment amount with SSI
Supplemental Security Income (SSI) provides monthly
payments of up to $967 for people with limited
income and resources. If you're eligible, you may be
able to get Disability and SSI at the same time. If you choose not to apply for SSI when you file for
Disability, you’ll get a letter from us saying,
"You're not eligible for SSI." This won't affect
your Disability application.
SSDI and SSI benefits for people with
disabilities
Learn how you may be eligible for benefits through Social Security
Disability Insurance (SSDI) or Supplemental Security Income (SSI) if you
have a disability or are 65 or over.
Learn the
difference between SSDI and SSI
- SSDI is tied to your work history. It pays benefits to you and
certain members of your family if you:
- Have a disability and
- Worked enough years to qualify and paid Social Security taxes
during the years you worked
- SSI does not require you to have a work history. It provides you
with money to cover basics like food, clothing, and housing if you
are 65 or older or have a disability.
Overview of the Disability Programs
They manage two programs that provide benefits based on disability or
blindness. These are the Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI)
program and the Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program.
Social Security Disability Insurance Program (SSDI)
SSDI provides benefits to people who have developed a disability or who
are blind and who are “insured” by workers’ contributions to the Social
Security trust fund. These contributions are based on your earnings (or
those of your spouse or parents) as required by the Federal Insurance
Contributions Act (FICA). Title II of the Social Security Act authorizes
SSDI benefits. Your dependents may also be eligible for benefits from
your earnings record.
Supplemental Security Income Program (SSI)
The SSI program makes cash payments to people who are aged, blind, or
have developed a disability (including children) and who have limited
income and resources. The federal government funds SSI from general tax
revenues. Many states pay a supplemental benefit to people
in addition to the federal payments. Some of these states
have arrangements
to combine their supplemental payment with the federal SSI payment into
1 monthly check. Other states manage their own programs and make their
payments separately. Title XVI of the Social Security Act authorizes SSI
benefits.
-
NOTE: To get SSI, you must
live in one of the 50 states, the District of Columbia, or the Northern Mariana
Islands and be a U.S. citizen or national. People who live in American Samoa,
Guam, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands cannot receive SSI.
When You Receive Both SSDI and SSI
They use the term “concurrent” to describe people who are eligible for
disability benefits under both the SSDI and SSI programs.
-
NOTE: The SSDI and SSI programs share many concepts and terms, however, there are also
many important differences in the rules affecting eligibility and benefit
payments. The following table summarizes differences between the SSDI and SSI
programs. These differences are important as many people may apply or be
eligible for benefits under both programs.
Comparison of the SSDI and SSI
Disability Programs
|
SSDI |
SSI |
Source of payments |
Disability trust fund. |
General tax revenues. |
Minimum Initial Qualification Requirements
NOTE:
To
get SSI, you must live in one of the 50 states, the
District of Columbia, or the Northern Mariana Islands
and be a U.S. citizen or national.
People who live in
American Samoa, Guam, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin
Islands cannot receive SSI. |
You must meet Social Security’s disability criteria.
You
must be “insured” based on contributions made to FICA
for your own earnings, or those of your spouse or your
parents. |
You must meet Social Security’s disability criteria.
You also must have limited income and resources. |
Health Insurance Coverage Provided |
Medicare entitlement begins after you have received SSDI
for 24 months. This consists of hospital insurance (Part
A), supplementary medical insurance (Part B), and
Medicare Advantage (Part C). Voluntary prescription drug
benefits (Part D) are also included. Title XVIII of the
Social Security Act authorizes Medicare. |
Medicaid. A jointly funded, federal-state health
insurance program for people with limited income and
resources. It covers certain children, and some or all
the aged, blind, and people with disabilities in a state
who are eligible to receive federally assisted income
maintenance payments. Title XIX of the Social Security
Act authorizes Medicaid. The law gives the states
options regarding eligibility and types of services
under Medicaid. |
How do they figure your monthly payment amount? |
They base your SSDI monthly amount on the worker’s
lifetime average earnings covered by Social Security.
They
may reduce the amount of your benefit payment if you
receive Workers’ Compensation payments (including Black
Lung payments) and/or public disability benefits, for
example, certain state and civil service disability
benefits. Other income or resources do not affect your
payment amount. They usually adjust the monthly payment
amount each year to account for
cost-of-living changes.
They can also pay SSDI monthly benefits to dependents on
your record, such as minor children. |
To calculate your payment amount, they start with the
Federal Benefit Rate (FBR). They subtract your countable
income from the FBR and then add your state supplement,
if any.
They do not count all the income that you have. The income
amount left after they make all the allowable deductions
is “countable income”.
They usually adjust the FBR each year to account for
cost-of-living changes. |
Is a State Supplemental Payment provided? |
There is no state supplemental payment with the SSDI
program. |
Many states pay some people who receive SSI an
additional amount called a “state supplement”. The
amounts and qualifications for these state supplements
vary from state to state. |
Can you
get SSI and SSDI benefits together?
Depending on your eligibility, you may be able to collect SSDI and
SSI benefits at the same time. This is known as receiving
“concurrent” benefits. When you are ready, you can apply for both
benefits together. After you apply, the Social Security
Administration will tell you if you qualify for one or both
programs.
Find out
if you are eligible for SSDI and apply
Your eligibility for Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) is
based on your age, disability, and how long you worked. To find out
if you are eligible for SSDI, use the Social Security benefits
questionnaire.
Your spouse or former spouse and your children may be eligible for
benefits when you start getting SSDI. Learn about family
benefits and see if your family members may qualify.
- You have options to apply online, by phone, or in person.
-
Apply for SSDI
- Call 800-772-1213
- Call TTY 800-325-0778 if
you're deaf or hard of hearing.
- If your application is approved, you will have a five-month
waiting period for benefits to start.
- Learn how you can appeal if your SSDI application is denied.
Find out
if you are eligible for SSI and apply
Supplemental Security Income (SSI) is for people who have little to
no income.
You must also either:
Get help
with SSDI and SSI benefits
You can create a free “my Social Security” account to manage your
benefits online and:
- Check on your application status
- Update your name, address, and other information
- Set up or change your direct deposit information to receive your
benefits
- Get tax documents to report income from SSDI benefits (SSI
benefits are not taxable.)
- Get a benefits verification letter to show what benefits you
receive
If you have specific questions:
|